National perspective 

Main focus

1. How do (selected) Member States incorporate soft law instruments in their legal order?

2. How have these instruments been received and interpreted by administrative authorities?

3. Does soft law have an anticipatory function, that is does it serve to remedy gaps in existing legal frameworks, which are later compensated for in  national legislation?

4. Under which conditions does EU soft law in BFMP apply to financial institutions? Does application always rely on a previous incorporation at the national level, or are there instances where financial institutions are called to apply EU soft law directly?

5. Is EU soft law in BFMP enforceable at the national level?

6. Does any form of democratic control by parliaments take place, and if so, how?

7. (How) is judicial control performed?